The intellects of the founders and framers were formed in the crucible of the European Reformation and philosophical Enlightenment. Some of the most influential of them (including Jefferson) were Deists, who believed in "Heaven and Heaven's God." This was a deity who made the universe and then withdrew, allowing things to unfold naturally.
The most salient animating principle these men shared was freedom of conscience; they were determined to avoid birthing yet another monarchy where royalty ruled by divine right. Everything we know about the republic's founders, their Zeitgeist and their actual documents confirm their goal: a religiously neutral republic in which rulers received their right to rule from the consent of the governed.
God was not left out of the Constitution by mistake or as an oversight. Leaving matters of religion and conscience up to individual citizens was the framers' ideal, and one they realized through the Constitution and the Bill of Rights.
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